Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance and inadequate insulin production.
Insulin resistance: Type 2 diabetes develops when cells in the body become resistant to the effects of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the uptake and utilization of glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream. With insulin resistance, the body requires higher levels of insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels.
Inadequate insulin production: Over time, the pancreas may struggle to produce enough insulin to compensate for insulin resistance, leading to a relative insulin deficiency. This further contributes to elevated blood sugar levels.
Risk factors: Several factors increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including obesity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet (high in processed foods, sugary drinks, and saturated fats), family history of diabetes, age (risk increases with age), and certain ethnic backgrounds (such as African, Hispanic, Native American, or Asian descent).
Symptoms: Common symptoms of type 2 diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, and frequent infections. However, some individuals with type 2 diabetes may not experience noticeable symptoms initially.
Complications: If left unmanaged, type 2 diabetes can lead to various long-term complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), eye problems (retinopathy), foot problems, and an increased risk of infections.
Diagnosis and management: Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes typically involves blood tests that measure fasting blood glucose levels or levels after a glucose tolerance test. Management of type 2 diabetes usually involves lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet (high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins), weight management, and smoking cessation if applicable. In some cases, oral medications or insulin injections may be prescribed to help regulate blood sugar levels.
Prevention: Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented or delayed by adopting a healthy lifestyle. This includes maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, making nutritious food choices, and managing stress levels.