Liver Cancer
Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, refers to the abnormal growth and proliferation of cells in the liver. It is a serious condition that can have life-threatening consequences. Here's some information about liver cancer:
Types: There are several types of liver cancer, but the most common form is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for about 75-85% of all liver cancer cases. Other types include cholangiocarcinoma (cancer that originates in the bile ducts) and angiosarcoma (a rare cancer that develops in the blood vessels of the liver).
Risk Factors: Certain factors increase the risk of developing liver cancer. These include chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses, excessive alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), exposure to aflatoxins (toxins produced by a fungus that contaminates certain foods), certain inherited liver diseases, and certain rare genetic conditions.
Symptoms: In the early stages, liver cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the tumor grows, symptoms may include abdominal pain or discomfort, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, swelling in the abdomen, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), nausea, vomiting, and changes in stool color.
Diagnosis: Liver cancer is diagnosed through various tests, including imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, as well as blood tests to measure liver function and detect tumor markers. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis by examining a sample of liver tissue under a microscope.
Treatment: Treatment options for liver cancer depend on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the extent of liver damage. Treatment may include surgery (partial hepatectomy or liver transplantation), local therapies (radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, or cryoablation), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (using drugs that specifically target cancer cells), and immunotherapy. The treatment plan is determined by a multidisciplinary team of specialists.
Prognosis: The prognosis for liver cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment. Early detection and intervention offer the best chances of successful treatment. However, liver cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages when the prognosis is more guarded. The outlook is also influenced by the underlying liver health, response to treatment, and the presence of other health conditions.
Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of liver cancer. This includes practicing safe sex to prevent hepatitis B and C infections, getting vaccinated against hepatitis B, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, managing chronic liver diseases, and taking precautions to avoid exposure to hepatitis-causing substances.